Thoracic meningocele in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1: A review of literature with illustration of a novel surgical challenge, and insights from histology

Background: 69% of thoracic meningoceles are associated with Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1).Pathology is debated between being a saccular protrusion of dysplastic meninges through a vertebral defect, or a forme fruste of neurofibroma, with no pathological evidence to the later.Treatment is usually conservative, however surgical intervention is somet

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Biomarkers of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Newborns

As neonatal intensive care has evolved, the focus has shifted from improving mortality alone to an effort to improve both mortality and morbidity.The most frequent source of neonatal brain injury occurs as a result of hypoxic-ischemic injury.Hypoxic-ischemic injury occurs in about 2 of 1,000 full-term infants and severe injured infants will have li

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South Africans Walking the Camino: Pilgrimage or Adventure

The Camino Pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela is an institution that has been operative for more than 1200 years.The European summer months see hundreds of thousands of pilgrims, whether they be persons of faith, agnostics or even atheists, walking the different routes to the city of Santiago de Compostela in the north-west of Spain.To be officia

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